what does a phd stand for

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We are proud to offer some of the best PhD and professional doctorate degree programs in Australia, representing groundbreaking research in business, psychology, design, engineering, health, IT, law, science, technology and more.
PhD stands for Doctor of Philosophy and is considered the highest postgraduate achievement you can earn.
To complete a doctorate you must produce significant and original research. You’ll develop a critical knowledge and understanding of a particular research area.

References:

http://www.swinburne.edu.au/courses/study-levels-explained/doctor-of-philosophy/
http://flowingdata.com/2013/05/08/length-of-the-average-dissertation/